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CALIFORNIA POPPY

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Medicinal Uses

managing pain

anxiety

insomnia

colic

gall-bladder 

toothaches

sores

ulcers

thin dull hair

nervous tension

tension headaches

bedwetting

sciatica

shingles

menstrual cramping

intestinal spasm

relaxes blood vessels

nervous palpitations

hypertension

suppresses lactation

restless leg syndrome

ADD/ADHD

memory concentration

enuresis in children

bladder and liver diseases

neurasthenia

neuropathy

various psychiatric conditions

vasomotor dysfunction

sensitivity to weather changes

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  • Historically the roots were chewed for oral and dental pain; the pulverized root pulp used topically on wounds and traumatic injuries; and the leaves, buds, and seeds were prepared as teas to consume orally for pain and insomnia.

  • The plant is considered safe for children and sometimes used for bedwetting and anxiety, and as a muscle relaxant for internal organ pain.

  • In early American Folk medicine, E. californica was also used for mood disorders including anxiety, depression, and exhaustive states, or in formulas to provide relaxation while treating other disease states. 

  • The Luiseno Indians would eat on the flowers as chewing gum and the Kitanemuk people traditionally rolled the roots directly onto their gums for toothaches.

  • In the modern era, E. californica has become established as a “nervine” (nerve tonic) and is commonly included in “Kick Juice” formulas, a common name for herbal formulas used to help opiate addicts withdraw or reduce the dose of opioid pharmaceuticals or heroin.

  • Preliminary clinical research suggests California poppy, in combination with magnesium and hawthorn (Sympathyl, not available in the US), might be useful in treating mild to moderate anxiety disorders 

  • California Poppy has been used as a sedative and hypnotic for children, especially in cases of overexcitement and sleeplessness. It can be used wherever an antispasmodic remedy is indicated – for example, for colic pain. It may also be useful to treat gallbladder colic.

  • Topically, the cooled tea is also used as a compress or rinse to salve wounds and skin complaints. Protopine is known to inhibit histamine H1 receptors so not only does it have an antihistamine action in relation to seasonal allergies, but it also slows the inflammation pathways.

  • Protopine is also a potent inhibitor of both thromboxane synthesis and platelet-activating factor (PAF) — both are pro-inflammatory mediators in the human system. PAF-implicated conditions include acrocyanosis, Raynaud’s syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, cardiovascular disease, erectile dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cerebral atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, senility, cochlear deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, PMS, menopause, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, retinopathy, including glaucoma, depression and stress, and a whole plethora of immune and inflammatory diseases.

  • Provides relaxation and acts as a mild sedation while treating a variety of disease states

  • Nonaddictive, safe, gentle, nonnarcotic

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Constituents​

  • Many isoquinoline alkaloids found in Eschscholzia have medicinal properties including the antimicrobial/ neurotransmitter agents berberine and sanguinarine. Sanguinarine has been shown to inhibit lipoxygenase, which may contribute anodyne and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and to inhibit glycine transport and thus promote analgesia.

  • Eschscholzia also contains pavinane groups of alkaloids including pavinane, protopine, benzylisoquinoline/ benzophenanthridine, and aporphine and protoberberine groups.

  • Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Eschscholzia include papaverine, noscapine, apomorphine, reticuline, and tubocurarine, with the majority shown to have neurotransmitter and psychotropic effects, including anodyne properties. For example, various forms of reticuline have been shown to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in human blood, whereas other forms bind serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(7) receptors at 100 µg/mL, which may contribute to anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects.

  • Alkaloids, including protopine, califonidine, eschscholtzine, allocryptopine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine;

  • Flavone glycosides

  • Carotenoids

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Energetics/ Organoleptics

  • ENERGETICS: cool / mildly bitter - clears heat, settles pain

  • ELEMENT: fire

  • California Poppy flower remedy expands one’s vision so that they may experience the magic of flowers, plants, trees, animals, human beings and unseen vibrational frequencies. It ignites intuition and awareness of dreams and imagination. The essence helps those who have clairvoyant gifts.  

  • Known as ‘The Cup of Gold,” California Poppy flower remedy  stimulates joy so that we may embrace the magical life we live.

  • Great for spiritual work and deepens one's connection with nature.

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Contradictions​

  • California poppy might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Taking California poppy along with sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness.

  • Sedative medications such as Benzodiazepines interacts with California Poppy and should be avoided.

  • Other sedative medications to be avoided include: clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), phenobarbital (Donnatal, zolpidem (Ambien), and others.

  • Long-term use is acceptable, as the plant is generally not considered habit forming.

  • Don't use if you're pregnant or breast feeding; will suppress lactation.

  • May be slightly dangerous if given to children or senior citizens or taken in large quantities. Otherwise, no adverse effects noted.

  • To some sensitive individuals the plant can exhibit very subtle euphoric properties.

  • Theoretically, concomitant use of California poppy with benzodiazepines may cause additive effects and side effects (12596,12597). Some benzodiazepines include clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan)

  • Theoretically, concomitant use of California poppy with drugs with sedative properties may cause additive effects and side effects.

  • Theoretically, concomitant use with supplements that have sedative properties might enhance therapeutic and adverse effects of California poppy (12596,12597). Some of these supplements include 5-HTP, calamus, catnip, hops, Jamaican dogwood, kava, St. John's wort, skullcap, valerian, yerba mansa, and others.

  • Theoretically, California poppy may increase the risk of drowsiness and impair motor skills; avoid concomitant use.

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History

  • Due to this pretty little flower, the state of California is often referred to as the ‘Land of Fire’ and the ‘Golden West’, and it officially became the state flower in 1890.

  • According to an unspecified source, Native American tribes believed, (or at least let the early Spanish explorers believe) that the orange petals of the California Poppy filled the soil with gold when they touched the ground.

  • Poppies have long been a symbol of remembrance of those who died in wartime since a famous poem described the brutal trench warfare that took place in the poppy fields of Flanders during World War I. This is why Veterans wear and distribute poppies on Memorial Day and Veteran’s Day in the US and throughout the world on Remembrance Day.

  • Centuries before this, however, it was believed that poppies sprung up in places where men died in battle and white poppies are said to have sprung up in the battlefields of Genghis Khan.

  • Poppies have also been associated with sleep and death, perhaps because the narcotic made from the red opium poppy can easily bring about both.

  • Ancient Greeks and Romans presented them as offerings to the dead.

  • In the Victorian Language of Flowers, the poppy symbolized eternal sleep, oblivion, imagination. Red poppies also mean pleasure and the yellow poppy means success.

  • In Persian literature, the poppy is a flower of love and symbolizes those who died for its sake.

  • According to Servius, Demeter loved a youth named Mekon. When he died, she turned him into a poppy.

  • Hypnos, Greek God of Sleep and Dreaming, sometimes carried a poppy stalk or a horn filled with poppy juice.

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Common Names

California poppy, amapola de California, golden poppy, flame flower, dedal de oro, yellow poppy, copa de oro (cup of gold) in Spanish, Mexican poppy, flame flower, cup of gold, nightcap

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Botanical Name

Eschscholzia californica

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Family

Papaveraceae

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Parts Used

Whole plant, flowers, leaves, pollen, seeds

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Therapeutic Actions

analgesic

anodyne

anti-inflammatory

anti-neuralgic

anti-spasmodic

anxiolytic

diaphoretic

diuretic

febrifuge

hypnotic

nervine

CNS depressant

sedative

soporific ​

Proper Use

Dried powder of the seed pods, aerial parts, or whole plant is used and is generally considered safe at doses of 500 mg–2 g/day. Use smaller amounts if combined in a formula with herbs of a similar activity such as other sedatives.

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Applications: tea, tincture, poultice, compress, cook into olive oil for hair tonic, boil or roast leaves as vegetative meal, pollen for cosmetics, smoke, diffuse.

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Tincture (1:5 in 25%) dosage is 1 – 4 ml at night for sleeplessness in children.

 

For antispasmodic indications, use 0.5 – 2 ml 3x/day.

Infusion: pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 – 2 tsp of dried herb and infuse for 10 min. A cup at night will promote restful sleep.

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The seeds are used in cooking.

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Topically, the cooled tea is also used as a compress or rinse to salve wounds and skin complaints. Protopine is known to inhibit histamine H1 receptors and so not only does it have an antihistamine action, in relation to seasonal allergies, but it also slows the inflammation pathways.

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Formulary

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RESPIRATORY TISANE

The plant stems and flowers yield a mild, bitter tea. The best method is a standard infusion of 7-10 min, using one teaspoon of the flowering herb per cup of boiling water. Depending on when it is harvested and on the weather, the plant can vary in bitterness and is generally sweetened to taste.

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CALI-POP TINCTURE

  1. Gather the plant, chop it up, and add as much as will fit, with an inch or so to spare, into a bottle or jar, then fill to brim with vodka (in honor of the Russian expedition) or another 80-100 proof distilled grain alcohol of choice.

  2. Next, store the mixture in a cool cupboard for 4-8 weeks. Decant the liquid to a second, dark storage bottle or up-cycled tincture bottle from your local health store. 

  3. The tincture drops are usually taken as 10-20 drops in a morning in orange juice, for a few weeks at a time.

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SOOTHING SLEEP TINCTURE

  • 1 part dried valerian root

  • 1 part dried California poppy

  • 1 part dried chamomile

  • 1/2 part dried blue vervain

  • 1/2 part dried wild lettuce

  • few tbs of raw honey (for taste)

  • Raw organic Apple Cider Vinegar**

  • Glass canning jar with airtight lid 

 

Add about 7 oz (1 tbs to .05 oz) of dried herb to 33.8 oz (1 liter) of apple cider vinegar (make sure to warm the vinegar first). The liquid should rise about 2 or 3 inches above herbs almost to the rim of the jar. Stir the mixture together and subdue the herbs. Make sure the lid if firming set when finished. Label the jar with the ingredients and start date. Place in a dark, warm location like a cupboard for 4 to 6 weeks (the longer the better). Try your best to the shake bottle daily during this maceration period. When ready, strain the herbs with stainless steel strainer lined with cheesecloth and reserve the liquid into small tincture bottles. Use between 1-3 droppers full of this tincture, as needed, about an hour before bed.

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Traditional Chinese medicine blends california poppy with corydalis in a Chinese patent formula called the Corydalis Formula.

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Cultivation

California poppy prefers a poor sandy soil and succeeds in a hot dry position. 

Extremely hardy and drought tolerant, they thrive in nutrient deficient, dry soil and require very high sun. They grow in zones 6-10, so if feasible, simply throw seed around your yard in the fall, and the plants will bloom after the winter rains. The summer heat may kill them, but they will propagate and eventually germinate on their own.

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  • Sow seeds in a sunny border outdoors and cover the seed with minimal soil. The seeds should be sown where the plants are to stand, as they don't transplant well. The plants do well on hillsides and dry, rocky places. In the garden, the seedlings should be thinned so that the plants will stand 6 to 8 inches apart.

  • The seed usually germinates in 2 - 3 weeks. Colder temperatures might want to provide protection for roots in winter if sown late.

  • When California poppy is fully mature having both flowers and seed capsules, pull the whole plant from the ground, tap root and all, remove dead basal leaves.

  • California poppy flowering tops are harvested in the peak of summer. The outer leaves may be picked and dried at any time. 

  • Dry in a paper bag.

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Research & References

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Beaudoin GA, Facchini PJ.  (2014). Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.  Planta. 2014;240(1):19–32.

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Cahlíková L, Kucera R, Host'álková A, et al. (2012).  Identification of pavinane alkaloids in the genera Argemone and Eschscholzia by GC-MS. Nat Prod Commun. 2012;7(10):1279–81.

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Cahlíková L, Macáková K, Kunes J. (2010).  Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory compounds from Eschscholzia californica (Papaveraceae).  Nat Prod Commun. 2010;5(7):1035–8.

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Cho HY, Rhee HS, Yoon SY, et al.  (2008).  Differential induction of protein expression and benzophenanthridine alkaloid accumulation in Eschscholtzia californica suspension cultures by methyl jasmonate and yeast extract. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008;18(2):255–62.

 

Fedurco, M., Gregorová, J., Šebrlová, K., Kantorová, J., Peš, O., Baur, R., Sigel, E., & Táborská, E. (2015). Modulatory Effects of Eschscholzia californica Alkaloids on Recombinant GABAA Receptors. Biochemistry research international, 2015, 617620. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/617620

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Gafner S, Dietz BM, McPhail KL, et al.  (2006).  Alkaloids from Eschscholzia californica and their capacity to inhibit binding of [3H]8-Hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin to 5-HT1A receptors in Vitro. J Nat Prod. 2006;69(3):432–5.

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Hagel JM and Facchini PJ.  (2013)  Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism: A century of discovery and a brave new world. Plant Cell Physiol. ;54(5):647–72.

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Hanus M, Lafon J, Mathieu M.  (2004).  Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination containing two plant extracts (Crataegus oxyacantha and Eschscholtzia californica) and magnesium in mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders.  Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(1):63–71.

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Jursky F, Baliova M. (2011).  Differential effect of the benzophenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine on glycine transporters. Neurochem Int. 2011;58(6):641–7.

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Kleber E, Schneider W, Schäfer HL, et al.  (1995).  Modulation of key reactions of the catecholamine metabolism by extracts from Eschscholtzia californica and Corydalis cava.  Arzneimittelforschung. 1995;45(2):127–31.

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Kollárová R, Oblozinský M, Kováciková V, et al. (2014). Lipoxygenase activity and sanguinarine production in cell suspension cultures of California poppy (Eschscholtzia californica CHAM.).  Pharmazie. 2014;69(8):637–40.

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Rolland A, Fleurentin J, Lanhers MC, et al. Neurophysiological effects of an extract of Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae). Phytother Res. 2001;15(5):377–81.

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Rolland A, Fleurentin J, Lanhers MC, et al (1991).  Behavioral effects of the American traditional plant Eschscholzia californica: Sedative and anxiolytic properties. Planta Med. 1991;57(3):212–6.

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Singla D, Sharma A, Kaur J, et al.  (2010).  A curated database of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.  BMC Pharmacol;10:4. BIAdb.

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