top of page
Screen Shot 2019-10-22 at 7.52.01 PM.png

Common Names

Slippery elm, Indian elm, moose elm, red elm, sweet elm, winged elm

​

Botanical Name

Ulmus fulva/ Ulmus rubra

​

Family

Ulmaceae   (Elm Family)

​

Parts Used

The inner bark

​

Therapeutic Actions

antioxidant

antiseptic

astringent

antitussive

anti-parasitic

abortifacient 

demulcent

depurative

diuretic

emollient

expectorant

mucilaginous

nutritive

blood sugar balancing

cholesterol-lowering

vulnerary

prebiotic

​​

Proper Use

  • The inner bark is collected in spring and early summer from the bole and larger branches.  It is tough and flexible. Ten year-old bark is considered the best quality. For best results the powder needs to be greyish or fawn-colored, not dark or reddish.

  • Chopped bark is suitable for poultices, but the inner bark is considered best for making teas.

  • Use a teaspoon of the powdered bark mixed with water to make a smooth paste. 

  • Boiling water (or milk) can be added to the paste with cinnamon, orange peel, nutmeg and honey for an easy, nutritious gruel.

  • Slippery Elm is considered extremely valuable and it is advised that every household have it on hand but it is considered "at risk" by United States Plant savers so it is imperative that you find and use a vendor that can certify that the bark has been ethically harvested.

​

Dosage

 

CAPSULES

The standard dose for an adult is 4 capsules at a time and, repeated two, three, four or even more times a day, for at least a few days.

​

SLURRY

If the condition is quite bad and the area of damage in the gut is large, it may be best to use the Slippery Elm as a powder, either in a slurry or cooked in a gruel. One heaping tsp of Slippery Elm powder equates to about 5 grams of herb and this is equivalent to about 10-12 capsules. 

​

GRUEL

Making Slippery Elm gruel is just like making a thin porridge, put one or two heaped teaspoons or more of Slippery Elm Into a saucepan, add a liquid (milk or water) to make a paste.  Heat the mixture over a low flame or element, gradually add more milk, water or both until the desired consistency has been achieved. Slippery Elm can absorb a lot of liquid and, as gruels are meant to be thin, you can add more liquid as you go if it is getting too thick. Add honey or sugar, cinnamon or nutmeg to the gruel to improve palatability. 

 

  • Infusion - 1-2 tsp of powdered root stirred into 1/2-1 cup of warm water three times daily

  • Capsule - 200g three times daily for bronchitis

  • Poultice - mix coarse powdered root with enough boiling water to make a paste

​

Formulary

 

 

ESSIAC FORMULA (a folk formula for cancer therapy)

​

  • Burdock root (Arctium lappa, L),  67.7%

  • Sheep Sorrel herb  (Rumex acetosella, L),21.6%

  • Turkish rhubarb root  (Rheum palmatum), 5.0%

  • Slippery elm inner bark  (Ulmus fulva) 5.0%

 

Later, this formula was developed into an eight ingredient formula: thistle, burdock root, kelp, red clover, sheep sorrel, slippery elm bark, turkish rhubarb root, and watercress.

SLIPPERY ELM COUGH DROPS​

  • ¼ cup slippery elm powder 

  • 3 tablespoons raw honey {I use local raw clover creamed}

  • 3 tablespoons raw cacao powder or carob powder

  • ½ - 1 teaspoon ground Ceylon cinnamon

  • ½ teaspoon organic vanilla extract

  1. In a small bowl, add all ingredients. With clean hands, mix to combine until it forms a dough.

  2. Break off small pieces of dough {about ½ - 1 teaspoon} and roll into little balls. You can also roll dough into a thin “snake” and break off small pieces to roll into balls.

  3. Place in a bowl and leave out on the counter covered. They will start to dry out a little becoming more like a lozenge. They can be consumed right away as is or when they have dried.

 

SLIPPERY ELM TEA

  • 1 Tbsp slippery elm bark (powdered)

  • 1 c  boiling water

  • 1 Tbsp organic unsulfured blackstrap molasses or other sweetener

  • 2-3 oz  light coconut milk or other milk

  • 1 dash cinnamon or nutmeg for added flavor if desired

​

WELLNESS HERBAL TEA BLEND

  • 2 Tablespoons organic Slippery Elm Bark

  • 2 Tablespoons organic Marshmallow Root or organic Marshmallow Leaf

  • 1 Tablespoon organic dried Elderberries

  • 1 Tablespoon organic Red Clover Blossoms

  • raw, organic honey

This recipe makes about 3-4 cups of tea or infusion. I like to make it in my Tea-to-Go glass tea infuser to take along with me, but you could also make it up in a Mason jar or other large mug. Put all the herbs in the container and cover with 3 cups or so of boiling water.  You can also make this up and let it infuse overnight, if you'd like a stronger decoction. Stir in the honey to taste.

​

Cultivation

The slippery elm tree is a member of the elm family, with a

geographic distribution ranging along the eastern and central United States.

​

Due to Dutch Elm Disease, there are very few mature Slippery Elm trees left in nature and is considered a species of “Special Concern” in Rhode Island, and is believed to be extirpated in Maine. The preferred habitat, floodplains, has historically been a target of development for towns.

 

Due to the declining wild populations of U. rubra it is important to not use any wild-harvested bark. There are many alternatives to this widely used herb such as Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis), Comfrey (Symphytum sp.), and Mullein (Verbascum sp.).

​

  1. Slippery elm prefers part shade to sun , good water drainage, and a limestone soil. 

  2. Sow seeds in deep pots or plug trays. Sow ten seeds per pot and separate after germination.

  3. Sow on soil surface and cover with 1/4 inch of soil, tamping securely and keep evenly moist, cool (70 degrees) and in the shade until germination occurs (about 30 days).

  4. Gather slippery elm samaras in spring when they are ripe. You can knock them from branches or sweep them from the ground. 

  5. Harvest of bark is done before April or after June.

  6. Allow to dry until hard and brittle.

  7. Flowers emerge in late-winter or early-spring in the form of small clusters. These flowers become circular winged-seeds, and usually drop by late-spring.

slippery_elm3.jpg

Medicinal Uses

coughs

sore throat

tonsillitis

bronchitis

diarrhea

constipation

hemorrhoids

irritable bowel syndrome

urinary tract infections

syphilis

herpes/ cold sores

tapeworms

ulcers

reflux

colitis

wounds

toothaches

burns

itchy skin

rheumatism

boils

abscesses

carbuncles

chilblain

syphilis eruptions

leprosy

eases labor pains

pleurisy

diverticulitis

Crohn’s disease

typhoid fever

indigestion

gastric ulcers

dysentery

hemorrhoids

degenerative diseases

colic

cancer

abortions

pneumonia

consumption (tuberculosis)

​

  • The phenolic compounds in slippery elm contribute to the plant’s ability to help protect the body from stress and anxiety.

  • Slippery elm is popularly used in formulas to help treat breast cancer because of its anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting abilities.

  • As a remedy for typhoid fever, a gruel drink of slippery elm was taken until thirst was quenched. It helped cleanse, heal and strengthen the lungs.

  • It is used to add moisture or soothe irritated tissue and can be found in many natural throat lozenges.

  • As a tonic, the herb is said to benefit the adrenal glands, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract.

  • To treat dysentery and diseases of the bowels, slippery elm can be mixed with warm water and injected into the intestines.

  • A clean diet (low in processed foods and red meat and with lots of vegetables) and a daily tea of saffron and slippery elm bark showed remarkable results in treating chronic cases of plaque psoriasis.

  • Native Americans use the bark to prepare a healing salve used to treat boils, abscesses, wounds, ulcers and burns. They would soak the bark and then apply it to wounds as a natural bandage, allowing it to dry over the wounds. They would also wrap slippery elm around stored foods to help prevent spoilage.

  • Slippery Elm in a drawing poultice is powerfully effective.The gelatinous mass soothingly sits on the skins and also pulls up foreign material and/or damaged tissue.

  • Slippery elm is also good for treating constipation in dogs and especially cats.

  • Applied externally, the herb softens and protects the skin, as well as having a "drawing" effect for boils, splinters, and toxins. Powdered bark is used to make a soothing poultice that not only eases pain and itchiness, but also promotes the healing of cuts, bruises, insect stings and bites, minor burns, and skin inflammations.

slippery_elm_0.png

Constituents

  • The bark contains a complex mixture of polysaccharides i that form a soothing gelatinous fiber or mucilage.

  • The bark also contains high concentrations of antioxidants including beta-sitosterol, traces of beta-carotene, and flavonoids including proanthocyanidins.

  • hexoses, pentoses, methylpentoses), glucose, polyuronides, tannins, starches, fat, phytosterols

  • nutrients: calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, vitamin E

​

Energetics/ Organoleptics

Warm, Slightly Bitter.  Tasteless; almost like a thin porridge.  The bark has a faint fragrance somewhat like mild allspice.

​

Meridians: Lung, Large Intestine

​

Contraindications

  • Because Slippery Elm coats the digestive tract, it may slow down the absorption of other drugs or herbs. Take slippery elm two hours before or after other herbs or medications.

  • Some scientists think slippery elm is safe in pregnancy and during breastfeeding, but no scientific studies have been done to confirm this.

  • The outer bark of the elm tree may contain substances that could increase the risk of miscarriage

​

History

  • Ulmus is the classical name for elms. The species name “rubra” meaning red refers to the rust color of the tree's buds before the leaves appearing spring.

  • The name developed due to the mucilaginous inner bark which pioneers in North America chewed to quench thirst.

  • Its name also derived from the viscous, slimy liquid created when the inner bark is chewed.

  • The inner bark is the only part of the tree known to be used for medicinal purposes.

  • The inner bark is thin, tough, and flexible with a fibrous texture. The hue of the natural bark is a reddish-yellow or reddish-brown color, although when dried and in powder form for medicinal applications) the color is grayish.

  • Native Americans used soaked slippery elm bark as a natural bandage, allowing it to dry over wounds.

  • Many tribes also wrapped slippery elm around stored food to prevent spoilage.

  • Slippery elm also served as a food during famine and for making porridge for small children and elderly persons.  

  • It also gained a reputation as an effective wound healer among soldiers during the American Civil War. 

  • Dr. John Christopher, a famous herbalist and teacher, said that Slippery Elm is “one of the finest and most valuable medicines in the herbal world.”

  • Midwives used slippery elm as a birth aid because its lubricant properties eased labor.

  • George Washington and his troops are believed to have subsisted for several days on gruel made from slippery elm bark during the cold winter at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.

  • Folklore says that slippery elm bark can cause a miscarriage when it is inserted into the cervix of a pregnant woman.

  • The late 19th and early 20th century psychic Edgar Cayce (1877-1945) often prescribed slippery elm bark dissolved in water for gastrointestinal disorders.

  • Early nineteenth century doctor also used Slippery Elm as a food alternative for sick babies and adults who could not tolerate other foods.

Research & References

​

Braun, L., & Cohen, M. (2010). Herbs & natural supplements: An evidence-based guide. Vol. 2. Sydney: Elsevier 

​

Cavaliere C. (2019).  Illegal stripping and conservation of slippery elm trees. HerbalGram. 74:54-61.  Retrieved from   http://cms.herbalgram.org/herbalgram/issue74/article3123.html.

​

Cooley, J.H. and J. W. Van Sambeek.  (2016).  Ulmus rubra, Slippery elm. In: Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654 (1990) (Tech Coord.: Burns, R.M. and B.H. Honkala). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC.

​

Foster, S. (n.d.). Slippery Elm Ulmus Rubra. Retrieved from http://www.stevenfoster.com/education/monograph/Ulmus_rubra.html

​

Hawrelak JA, Myers SP. (2010).  Effects of two natural medicine formulations on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16:1065-1071.

​

Leonard, S. S., Keil, D., Mehlman, T., Proper, S., Shi, X., & Harris, G. K. (2006). Essiac tea: Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and effects on DNA damage. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(2), 288-296. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.013

 

Mills, S., & Bone, K. (2000). Principles and practice of phytotherapy: Modern herbal medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

​

Morton, J. (1990). Mucilaginous plants and their uses in medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 29(3), 245-266. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(90)90036-s

​

MHRA.  (2013).  Summary of product characteristics, Potter’s Slippery Elm Indigestion Relief.  Retrieved from

http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/spcpil/documents/spcpil/con1376454722191.pdf

​

Ulbricht C.E, Basch E.M, (2005). Natural standard herb and supplement reference. St. Louise: Mosby.

​

Watts, Christopher & Rousseau, Bernard. (2012). Slippery Elm, its Biochemistry, and use as a Complementary and Alternative Treatment for Laryngeal Irritation. Journal of Investigational Biochemistry. 1. 17-23. 10.5455/jib.20120417052415.

 

Zick, S. M., Sen, A., Feng, Y., Green, J., Olatunde, S., and Boon, H. (2006).  Trial of Essiac to ascertain its effect in women with breast cancer (TEA-BC). J Altern Complement Med 2006;12:971-980. 

​

bottom of page