Medicinal Uses
malaria
stomach ailments
asthma
gout
rheumatism
high blood pressure
anxiety
tachycardia
high blood pressure
sexual asthenia/ frigidity
diabetes
stress
anxiety
hypertension
palpitations
depression
anxiety
stress related tension
irritability
apathy
postnatal depression
insomnia
nervous system tension
mood swings
menopausal imbalances
mood swings
all menstrual problems
general skin care
acne
alopecia
sebum production
oily skin
head lice
athlete's foot
colds
cough
depression
fever
headaches
insomnia
muscle tension
sinus infections
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Cananga odorata is thought to be an aphrodisiac and it appears to have a relaxing effect on CNS enhancing the effects when used in massage.
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Antibacterial activity shown against Staph. aureus
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The spirit of ylang ylang usually fits the person naturally drawn to it. Upon inhaling ylang ylang with its heavy seductive, sweet aroma one can imagine a fiery, temperamental, passionate and erotic person with an awesome radiance and confidence never losing her balance. She would also dress in bright and colorful clothing and loves to wear jewelry.
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Ylang ylang is recommended for the woman who does not allow herself to live, who hides her femininity, dresses drably, and does not care what she looks like. She lacks self-confidence, may be extremely frustrated, and appears nervous, depressed and tense.
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Use ylang ylang for men to become less harsh towards themselves and others. It allows them to get in touch with their feminine side and nurtures their understanding and intuition. Many men may find the rich floral scent of ylang ylang overwhelming. If this is the case, ylang ylang should be blended with sweet orange, bergamot or sandalwood.
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The ylang ylang person is extremely passionate and feminine, charismatic, erotic and sensual. Neither male, or female, ylang ylang personalities are happy alone, flourishing best when they have an audience to applaud their achievements. They are described as having a fiery, passionate nature and would sacrifice everything for love. However, they fall in and out of love easily.
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Similar to jasmine oil, it encourages us to recognize and value our emotional and sensual needs leading to a greater sensitivity towards ourselves and others.
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The soporific power of ylang ylang can be used to still and overactive mind and calm a hysterical or volatile nature.
Constituents
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Sesquiterpenes: Alpha farnesene
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Terpenic alcohols: Linalool (55%)
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Sesquiterpen alcohols: Farnesol
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Terpenic esters: Geranyl acetate (5%), benzyl acetate (10%)
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Phenol: Methyl paracresol (15%)
Energetics/ Organoleptics
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SMELL: complex, rich, bright and deep scent with floral, spicy, balsamic, fruity, woody and medicinal notes with a hints of rubber, custard, jasmine and neroli.
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TASTE: floral, light, rich, lychee, jasmin, sweet
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COLOR: pale yellow
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FEEL: somewhat oily liquid
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NOTE: base
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ENERGETICS: cooling, clearing heat from the heart, when severe nervous tension leads to palpitations, hypertension and tachycardia
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ELEMENTS: wood and fire
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TCM: ylang ylang regulates the Qi and harmonizes the Shen. It also helps to spread the Liver Qi. Whenever the Liver Qi is constrained and we experience disharmony of the Shen, we may experience feelings of moodiness, anxiety, irritability, restlessness and insomnia
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CHAKRA: Ylang ylang oil helps strength the sacral chakra by promoting sexuality and our creativity. It also supports the solar plexus chakra by promoting self-confidence and nurtures the heart chakra by promoting love.
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Ylang ylang helps to create a feeling of peace and dispels anger, which is often a hindrance to meditation, healing and all spiritual activities. Ylang ylang will allow you to transform your anger and become mindful of how you are affecting others. It promotes the capacity for growth and deepening of relationships
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Ylang ylang also helps us to confidently deal with our fears and to recognize whether or not they are appropriate or useful.
Contradictions
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Ylang ylang oil is non-toxic, non-irritating and sensitizing. Excessive use may cause nausea or headaches.
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Tisserand & Young state that there is a moderate risk of skin sensitization and caution should be exercised on persons with hypersensitive, diseased or damaged skin and children under 2 years of age.
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According to IFRA guidelines, the maximum dermal use level for ylang ylang is 0.8%. Tisserand & Young confirm that there is no clear consensus on which constituent is responsible for the risk of skin reactions. They suspect isoeugenol.
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Opdyke states that when ylang ylang oil was tested at 10% dilution on 25 human volunteers, it was not irritating.
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Non-toxic, non-irritant,
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Can cause sensitization in some individuals with hypersensitive skin
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Overuse may cause headaches.
History
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Cananga odorata, known as the cananga tree is a tropical tree that is native from India, through parts of Indochina, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia, to Queensland, Australia.
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Ylang ylang originates from South East Asia, although it is now native in Burma, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and other Pacific Islands. It was introduced to the tropical countries of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the French colonies of the Indian Ocean
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The history of ylang ylang oil is very recent. The unusual name ylang ylang comes from the vernacular ‘Alang-Ilang” which means "a flower of all flowers.", and describes the hanging or fluttering nature of the flowers in the slightest wind.
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The Philippine legend tells about a married couple who had everything in their life except children. In a dream, the gods came to them and promised to grant them a daughter, provided that the girl should never touch a man once she matures. The girl was named Ilang ("Flower"). She grew to be a true beauty, and there was no lack of men asking to marry her, but her parents guarded her in order not to break their agreement with the gods. One day when the parents were not at home, Ilang went to her garden to collect a bouquet of flowers. Unexpectedly, there appeared a young man who for a long time had been in love with her. He held her by her hand and said, "I love you, be my wife." Instantly the girl disappeared, turning into a small tree with very fragrant flowers. "Ilang! Ilang!" cried the young man. Since that day, it is said that the young man continues to wander the magic garden, calling out her name throughout eternity.
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The ylang ylang industry can be traced to a specific individual. Around 1860, a sailor named Albert Schwenger found himself stranded in Manila. Enchanted by the scent of the flowers he conceived the idea of a field still on a wheel cart. With this still, he set out traveling the countryside distilling ylang ylang in small quantities.
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The essential oil of C. odorata is used in foods and beverages, perfumes, topical skin care products, soaps, massage oils, and aromatherapy products.
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In the Philippines, Ylang Ylang flowers were considered good for driving away malicious spirits.
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In Indonesia, it was prized as an aphrodisiac and the flowers were scattered on the beds of the newly married.
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Ylang Ylang oil was recommended for women in harems to heighten sexual appeal.
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In China, the clothes of people who could afford it were sprayed with Ylang Ylang oil before storing them in chests.
Common Names
Ylang ylang, ylang-ylant totum, chirang irang, mohokoi, ilanilan, fragrant cananga, Macassar-oil plant, Cananga Tree, Ilang-Ilang or perfume tree
Botanical Name
Cananga odorata
Family
Annonaceae
Parts Used
Flowers
Therapeutic Actions
amebicidal
anti-bacterial
anti-biofilm
anti-depressant
anti-diabetic
anti-epileptic
anti-fertility
anti-fungal
anti-oxidant
anti-inflammatory
anti-melanogenesis
anti-microbial
anti-septic
antispasmodic/relaxant
anti-vector
anxiolytic
aphrodisiac
cytotoxic
euphoric
hypotensive
insect-repellent
nervine
sedative
skin tonic
tonic
Proper Use
Ylang ylang essential oil is produced by steam and water distillation of the freshly picked flowers from C. odorata Distillation is carried out in small stills since the flowers would suffer considerably by the weight and pressure of a heavy charge of flowers.
Formulary
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To alleviate the symptoms of depression, consider blending ylang ylang oil with essential oils such as bergamot, frankincense, geranium, lavender, jasmine absolute, mandarin, neroli, rose absolute, sweet orange, patchouli or sandalwood.
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For the relief of anxiety, frustration, irritability, nervous tension and stress, consider blending ylang ylang oil with essential oils such as bergamot, Atlas cedarwood, fragonia, frankincense, geranium, lemon, lavender, palmarosa, petitgrain, neroli, sweet orange, patchouli, rose absolute, rosemary or sandalwood.
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As a cardiovascular relaxant or for reducing hypertension, consider blending ylang ylang oil with essential oils such as lavender, may chang, sweet marjoram or neroli.
Bath
Full body bath, foot bath. Add 1-2 drops to a bath for a soothing effect. Other variations: Add 3 drops of lavender, 2 drops of Ylang Ylang, and 2 drops of juice from a grapefruit.
Topical
Compress, massage, ointment, skin care.
2 drops of ylang ylang oil
5 drops of sandal oil
4 drops of pink oil
1 drop of patchouli
Inhalation
Direct inhalation, diffuser, oil vaporizer
8 drops of Ylang Ylang
8 drops of lemon juice
8 drops of basil
Add a few drops of this mixture to a therapeutic spray to relieve weariness and stress.
Cultivation
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Cananga is a fast growing, tall evergreen tree which grows up to 35m; however, under cultivation it is pruned to about 3m. The tree bears numerous, large, yellow-green, strongly scented flowers. It flowers all year-round, however, the main flower harvests are in the early dry season.
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The flowers of the Ylang Ylang are pollinated by night moths; therefore the most intensive smell is released from dusk until dawn. The flowers to be used by the distillation process are picked at sunrise when their aroma is the most intense.
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Ylang-Ylang grows from seeds and begins to bloom in three to four years. The flower changes color from pale green to lemon yellow.
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In addition to its wonderful fragrance, the plant blooms practically year round. Its branches are entirely covered with clusters of flowers and dark green oval fruits. Ripe fruits have a black color. Unlike some Annonaceae, Ylang-Ylang fruits are not used in foods; however they are quite edible and have the tart but pleasant aroma of a conifer or juniper.
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This fairly thin oil is water distilled and presents a yellow to yellow-orange colour, though depending on the actual chemical constituent makeup of the oil, it may have a greenish tinge to it.
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Even though Cananga odorata is considered lo be a tropical plant, it prospers in most subtropical zones and once established, can survive short periods of cold (above 30°F anyway). As is characteristic of every warm-climate plant, it doesn't like chilly winds, but at the same time, the tree can withstand pretty strong wind movements.
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As a landscape tree, the Ylang-Ylang offers, besides its flexibility and year-round aroma, two more special features - it is extremely fast growing and big. Once planted in the ground, the tree reaches its maturity within only one to two years, starts blooming, and creates a nice, almost Christmas-Tree-like canopy with drooping branches and it can become as high us 60 ft tall and 15 feet wide.
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The Ylang-Ylang's roots are not invasive, so it shouldn't damage driveways or pavements.
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Light: Provide full sun to ensure better flowering.
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Water and Humidity: Water your Ylang-Ylang daily for the first 2-3 weeks after you plant it. Then regular sprinkler irrigation will be sufficient. Cananga is a rainforest tropical tree that thrives best in a high-humidity environment.
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Fertilization: Fertilize the plant with one-half dose of blooming-grade balanced fertilizer at least once a month during the growth period to encourage blooming; no fertilizing is required from the fall to the early spring.
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Pests: The tree is practically pest-free. No special treatments are usually required to keep it healthy.
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Sometimes, creative gardeners who lack room in their gardens train the plant into a shrub. Such a compact Ylang-Ylang will still provide wonderful perfumed flowers year round. The procedure must be started as early as on 8-10 inch seedling by pinching the very top point of growth. Don't wait until the seedling becomes too woody, or when you plant in the ground, the tree will sprout up a long stem. If done in time, trimming can create a nice shrubby look.
Research & References
Burdock, George & Carabin, Ioana. (2008). Safety assessment of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga spp.) as a food ingredient. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 46. 433-45. 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.105.
Hwang JH. The Effects of the Inhalation Method Using Essential Oils on Blood Pressure and Stress Responses of Clients with Essential Hypertension. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2006 Dec;36(7):1123-1134. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.7.1123
Jin J, Kim MJ, Dhandapani S, et al. (2015). The floral transcriptome of ylang ylang (Cananga odorata var. fruticosa) uncovers biosynthetic pathways for volatile organic compounds and a multifunctional and novel sesquiterpene synthase. J Exp Bot. 2015;66(13):3959-3975.
Jung, D. J., Cha, J. Y., Kim, S. E., Ko, I. G., & Jee, Y. S. (2013). Effects of Ylang-Ylang aroma on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy men. Journal of exercise rehabilitation, 9(2), 250–255. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.130007
Orchard, A., & van Vuuren, S. (2017). Commercial Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobials to Treat Skin Diseases. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2017, 4517971. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4517971
Soonwera M. (2015). Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Parasitol Res. 2015;114(12):4531-4543.
Stashenko, E.E., Torres, W. and Morales, J.R.M. (1995), A study of the compositional variation of the essential oil of ylang‐ylang (Cananga odorata Hook Fil. et Thomson, formagenuina) during flower development. J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 18: 101-104. doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240180206
Tan, L. T., Lee, L. H., Yin, W. F., Chan, C. K., Abdul Kadir, H., Chan, K. G., & Goh, B. H. (2015). Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Cananga odorata (Ylang-Ylang). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2015, 896314. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/896314
Teng Hern, Tan & Lee, Learn Han & Yin, Wai & Chan, Chim Kei & Kadir, Habsah & Chan, Kok & Goh, Bey Hing. (2015). Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Cananga odorata (Ylang-Ylang). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2015. 896314. 10.1155/2015/896314.
Viveros-Paredes JM, González-Castañeda RE, Gertsch J. (2017). Neuroprotective Effects of β-Caryophyllene against Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in a Murine Model of Parkinson’s Disease Induced by MPTP. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2017 Jul 6;10(3). pii: E60. doi: 10.3390/ph10030060.
Zhang N, Zhang L, Feng L, et al. (2018). Cananga odorata essential oil reverses the anxiety induced by 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine through regulating the MAPK pathway and serotonin system in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Mar 12;219:23-30